Msc1G2:Student4

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Prototype

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Video of prototype here?



Group2 151215 2ndprototype.jpg 1st silicone prototype for pneumatic actuators

Group2 151215 3rdprototype.jpg 2nd silicone prototype for pneumatic actuators

Simulation

To get the geometry right of as well the prototype and the 3D model we did several tests in Abaqus. To be able to bend up the triangles, the geometry should have a proper relation in height and weight, because the momentum of the bending force (M = F * a) is stated by determined by the height of a triangle side. Upper left shows a constellation of several triangles in silicone, the upper right an earlier version. The bottom left is a simulation of the very first prototype as seen above. On the bottom right the material is changed from silicone to aerogel silicone, this material has small air bubbles embedded in the material and is therefore way lighter than traditional silicone. Although the Youngs modulus and shear modulus have a negative effect on the bending behavior, this material can because of the weight be interesting to research for the interactive architecture practice.



Setup and arduino code

Group2 20160126 Prototype setup.jpg

The code for the prototype needed to be sure that the air chambers at the hinges never get too much pressure, that the sensors work independent of one each other and that the controls are as intuitive as possible. This is achieved by defining the code for states each sensor can be in accompanied with a timer library. Initialy the prototype is in idle state, this means it's waiting for input data. When data is received it goes to the next state, which measures the pressure sensor after a certain amount of miliseconds, this data is later used for the duration of staying in position. Next the program goes to active state, that means that it is inflating as long as pressed, up to a time-out point. Then the hinge that accompanies the sensor keeps it's position by the earlier defined amount of pressure, but the hinge also keeps it's position as long as the button is pressed. Eventually the sensor has to go through the deflate state, which means that it's after completely deflated idle again, which means, waiting for input for the user.

//sensor.h defenition (library used instead of void)
struct Sensor;

Sensor nextState(Sensor);

// Arduino code for Swarmscape prototype 2015-01-26
// Setup: FSR pressure sensors + array outputs linked to electronic valves

#include "sensor.h"
#include <TimerOne.h>

// Setting constants
int ledPin = 13;
int SENSOR_THRESHOLD = 40;
int SENSOR_TIMEOUT = 50;
int DEFLATE_TIMEOUT = 70;
int PRESSUREMAP_LOW = 0;
int PRESSUREMAP_HIGH = 750;
int MEASURE_TRESHOLD = 7;

// Building the structure
enum sensorState {
  set1,
  set2,
  idle,
  activated,
  measure,
  released,
  timed_out,
  deflate
};

struct Sensor {
  sensorState state;
  int pin;
  int time;
  int pressure;
  int out_pin;
  int defl_pin1;
  int defl_pin2;
};

Sensor sensor1 = {set1, A0, 0, 80, 12, 11, 14};
Sensor sensor2 = {set1, A1, 0, 80, 9, 7, 18};
Sensor sensor3 = {set1, A2, 0, 80, 5, 3, 22};


void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);
    
  pinMode(sensor1.pin, INPUT);
  pinMode(sensor2.pin, INPUT);
  pinMode(sensor3.pin, INPUT);
  
  pinMode(sensor1.out_pin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(sensor2.out_pin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(sensor3.out_pin, OUTPUT);
  
  pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
  
  pinMode(sensor1.defl_pin1, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(sensor1.defl_pin2, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(sensor2.defl_pin1, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(sensor2.defl_pin2, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(sensor3.defl_pin1, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(sensor3.defl_pin2, OUTPUT);  
  
  Timer1.initialize(50000);         // initialize timer1, and set a 1/2 second period
  
  Timer1.attachInterrupt(callback);  // attaches callback() as a timer overflow interrupt
  
  Serial.println("Start: ");
  Serial.print("sensor1: ");
  Serial.print(sensor1.state); Serial.print(' ');
  Serial.print(sensor1.pin); Serial.print(' ');
  Serial.print(sensor1.time); Serial.print(' ');
  Serial.println(sensor1.out_pin);
  Serial.print("sensor2: ");
  Serial.print(sensor2.state); Serial.print(' ');
  Serial.print(sensor2.pin); Serial.print(' ');
  Serial.print(sensor2.time); Serial.print(' ');
  Serial.println(sensor2.out_pin);
  Serial.print("sensor3: ");
  Serial.print(sensor3.state); Serial.print(' ');
  Serial.print(sensor3.pin); 
}


void callback() {
  sensor1 = nextState(sensor1);
  sensor2 = nextState(sensor2);
  sensor3 = nextState(sensor3);
  
  Serial.print("State 1: ");
  Serial.print(sensor1.state);Serial.print(";");
  Serial.print(sensor1.time);
  
  Serial.print("State 2: ");
  Serial.print(sensor2.state);Serial.print(";");
  Serial.print(sensor2.time);
  
  Serial.print("State 3: ");
  Serial.print(sensor3.state);Serial.print(";");
  Serial.print(sensor3.time);
  Serial.print("\n");
  
}

void loop()
{
  // your program here...
}



Sensor nextState(Sensor sensor) {
  Sensor nextState = {sensor.state, sensor.pin, sensor.time, sensor.pressure, sensor.out_pin, 
sensor.defl_pin1, sensor.defl_pin2};
  boolean pressed = analogRead(sensor.pin) > SENSOR_THRESHOLD;  
  
  switch (sensor.state) {
// Setup state
    case set1:
      digitalWrite(sensor.out_pin, 1);
      nextState.state = set2;
      nextState.state = idle;
      break;
      
    case set2:
      nextState.time ++;  
      if (sensor.time > 50) {
      digitalWrite(sensor.defl_pin1, 0);
      digitalWrite(sensor.defl_pin2, 0);
      nextState.time = 0;
      nextState.state = idle;
      }
      else {
        nextState.state = set2;
      }
      break;
// Idle state
    case idle:
      nextState.time = 0;
      if (pressed) {
        nextState.state = measure;
      } else {
        nextState.state = idle;
      }
      break;
// Measurementstate
    case measure:
        nextState.time++;
        if(sensor.time > MEASURE_TRESHOLD);
          digitalWrite(sensor.out_pin, 0);
          sensor.pressure = analogRead(sensor.pin);
          nextState.time = 0;
          nextState.state = activated;
        }
        else {
          nextState.state = measure;
        }
      break;
// Activated state
    case activated:
      if (pressed) {
        nextState.time ++;
      } else {
        nextState.state = timed_out;
      }
      
      if (sensor.time > SENSOR_TIMEOUT) {
        nextState.state = timed_out;
      }
      
      break;
// Released state (stays up)
    case released:
      digitalWrite(sensor.out_pin, 1);
      nextState.time++;
      if(sensor.time > map(sensor.pressure, 0, 1024, PRESSUREMAP_LOW, PRESSUREMAP_HIGH)) {
        digitalWrite(ledPin, 0);
        nextState.time = 0;
        nextState.state = deflate;
      }
      else {
        digitalWrite(ledPin, 1);
        nextState.state = released;
      }
      break;
// Time-out state      
    case timed_out:    
      digitalWrite(sensor.out_pin, 1);
      if (pressed) {
        nextState.state = timed_out;
      } else {
        nextState.state = released;
      }
      break;
// Deflate state      
    case deflate:
      nextState.time++;
      digitalWrite(sensor.defl_pin1, 0);
      digitalWrite(sensor.defl_pin2, 0); 
      if (sensor.time > DEFLATE_TIMEOUT) {
        digitalWrite(sensor.defl_pin1, 1);
        digitalWrite(sensor.defl_pin2, 1); 
        nextState.state = idle;      
      }
      else {
        nextState.state = deflate;
      }
      break;
    default:
      break;
  }
  return nextState;
}

Documentation

  • Arduino setup prototype2

  • Origami folding patterns

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